Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Objective We performed a meta-analysis and estimated the prevalence of depression and anxiety and their related factors among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Data Sources PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and CBM databases. Review Methods A systematic search was performed for relevant studies published before August 17, 2021. A random effects model was used to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety. Subgroup analysis was performed by continent or region, study setting, sex, sample size, diagnosis, and assessment method. Results Twenty-two articles covering 40,956 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled crude prevalence estimates of depression and anxiety were 25.2% (95% CI, 20.9%-29.6%) and 28.9% (95% CI, 16.1%-41.6%), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed the following: (1) continent or region, study setting, sex, sample size, depression assessment method, and CRS diagnosis were significantly correlated with the prevalence of depression, and (2) continent or region, study setting, sample size, anxiety assessment method, and CRS diagnosis were significantly correlated with the prevalence of anxiety. Meta-regression analysis revealed that study setting and sample size were negatively associated with the pooled prevalence of depression. In contrast, CRS diagnosis and anxiety assessment method were positively associated with the pooled prevalence of anxiety. Conclusion Depression and anxiety are common in patients with CRS, especially among clinics. Therefore, in patients with CRS, screening and early diagnosis of depression and anxiety are necessary for prevention and treatment.