This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigationundertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation hasuncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators ofsystematic manipulation of the publication process:(1) Discrepancies in scope(2) Discrepancies in the description of the research reported(3) Discrepancies between the availability of data and theresearch described(4) Inappropriate citations(5) Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant contentincluded in the article(6) Manipulated or compromised peer reviewThe presence of these indicators undermines our confidencein the integrity of the article's content and we cannot, therefore,vouch for its reliability. Please note that this notice is intendedsolely to alert readers that the content of this article is unreliable.We have not investigated whether authors were aware of orinvolved in the systematic manipulation of the publicationprocess.Wiley and Hindawi regrets that the usual quality checks didnot identify these issues before publication and have since putadditional measures in place to safeguard research integrity.We wish to credit our own Research Integrity and ResearchPublishing teams and anonymous and named externalresearchers and research integrity experts for contributing tothis investigation.The corresponding author, as the representative of allauthors, has been given the opportunity to register their agreementor disagreement to this retraction.We have kept a record ofany response received. © 2024 Hindawi Limited. All rights reserved.
