Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions: Measurement and Analysis-The Case of Shanghai in China

Climate change and global warming are tightly associated with the emissions of greenhouse gases, of which carbon dioxide (CO2) is the largest component of the forcing of global warming. The emissions of CO2 are mainly from the consumption of energy. In this study, the energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Shanghai from 2011 to 2019 were calculated and analyzed. The Boltzmann model was used to describe and predict the CO2 emissions in Shanghai. The results showed that (1) the energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Shanghai steadily increased and the energy intensity and CO2 emission intensity gradually decreased in recent years, which was attributed to the fact that Shanghai has been trying to adjust the structures of industries and energy consumption; (2) the Boltzmann model could accurately describe the evolution of CO2 emission in Shanghai and the CO2 emissions in Shanghai will peak at about 303 million tCO(2) in 2025; (3) the CO2 emissions in Shanghai were mainly from the tertiary industry and living consumption; and (4) the CO2 emissions per capita in Shanghai in 2019 were close to those in London and New York, while more than those in Tokyo. Some policy suggestions for the reduction of CO2 emissions from the final consumption of energy in Shanghai have been provided. [GRAPHICS] .