Bi2O3/Bi2O2.33@ECNF: A recyclable material for efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants

The removal of organic contaminants from water poses a significant challenge that can be tackled by integrating adsorption and photocatalytic degradation functions in a single architecture. However, traditional powdery nanomaterials face challenges in separation and lack synergistic function, hampering their practical application. This study presents a one-step hydrothermal synthesis of a convenient recyclable Bi2O2.33/Bi2O3@ECNF (electrospun carbon nanofibers), which combines both adsorption and photocatalytic performance. The Bi2O2.33/ Bi2O3 exhibits high adsorption removal of methyl orange (MO), reaching 94.56 % and a maximum capacity of 213.13 mg g  1. Additionally, the Bi2O2.33/Bi2O3 shows a high charge transfer rate, strong redox ability, and efficient removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) at 83.01 %. Loading the Bi2O2.33/Bi2O3 on lightweight carbon fibers allows for easy recycling. The Bi2O2.33/Bi2O3@ECNF demonstrates excellent stability and reusability, with a removal rate of 87.37 % for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) at high concentrations. This work presents a promising solution for the practical application of photocatalysts by overcoming the limitations of single photocatalysts and minimizing secondary pollution from single adsorbents.