Optimized localization in large-scale heterogeneous WSN

Prominently, DvHop-inspired range-free localization yields poor results due to ill-measured hop parameters (hop count, hop size). Therefore, instead of fully relying on hop parameters, proposed optimized localization in large-scale heterogeneous WSN (OLLHW) exploits the property of irregular communication range (ICR). Due to ICR, there are two different sets of nodes for an unknown node of interest (NOI): first, the sensors which cover NOI directly, i.e. antecedent set (AS) and second the sensors to which NOI covers directly, i.e. descendent set (DS). Thereafter, a centroid of AS reveals a notion of location which is further optimized the localization error such that notion should not go beyond the ideal communication range of DS. The OLLHW exercises linear optimization by eliminating hop size estimation and its flooding. Thus, OLLHW eliminates a complete communicational cycle. The OLLHW shows localization improvement in localization by 52 %, 37%, 27%, 18%, and 17% from DvHop, IDV, TR-DvHop, ODR, and HHOAM, respectively.