Numerical Simulation of Radiatively Driven Convection in a Small Ice-Covered Lake with a Lateral Pressure Gradient

The results of a numerical simulation of radiatively driven convection (RDC) in a small ice-covered lake with a lateral pressure gradient are shown. RDC influences aquatic ecosystems as convective flow transfers heat and dissolved and suspended matter through the water column. There is a hypothesis that a continuum of convective cells with areas of ascending and descending water flows exists in a convective mixed layer (CML). Until now, little has been known about how the structure of the CML changes in lakes with lateral transport. In this work, the evolution of the CML in the computational domain with a lateral pressure gradient over several days is reproduced using an Implicit Large Eddy Simulation. We show that after a few days of lateral pressure gradient occurrence, convective cells are replaced by rolls oriented along the lateral transport direction. The change in the CML's turbulence patterns under a lateral pressure gradient is confirmed by Anisotropic Invariant Map analysis. The study revealed a heterogeneity of pulsations of the horizontal and vertical velocity components over the entire depth of the CML and showed that when a horizontal gradient is present, the velocity pulsations generally increase.