Bi-level optimization of multi-regional power system considering low-carbon oriented synergy of both source and load sides

The expansion of low-carbon power generation has led to increased complexity in the dispatching mode of the power system. To achieve low-carbon economic operation for multi-regional power systems, this study proposes a decentralized dispatch architecture and a bi-level low-carbon economic dispatching (LCED) model. At the upper level, the model proposes a carbon emission constraint mechanism that is tailored to the coordinated operation of multiple regions, aiming to minimize the total operating cost. At the lower level, the model considers the reduction of carbon emission obligation on the load side and introduces the carbon emission flow (CEF) theory to calculate the degree of reduction in carbon emission intensity. To accommodate the decentralized autonomy and information privacy of different regions, a distributed alternating direction method of multipliers (D-ADMM) algorithm is adopted to solve the upper-level problem for the multi-regional power system, enabling the fully distributed solution of the bi-level optimization problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed bi-level model is validated through a case study on the modified IEEE 39-bus system, which demonstrates that the model can significantly reduce carbon emissions and improve the level of renewable power consumption. A decentralized dispatching architecture is proposed for the multi-regional power system, and a bi-level low-carbon economic dispatching model considering the low-carbon oriented synergy of both source and load sides is constructed, which is solved using the D-ADMM algorithm.image