Autoimmunity and Immunodeficiency in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Prolonged COVID-19

被引:18
|
作者
Garmendia, Jenny Valentina [1 ]
Garcia, Alexis Hipolito [2 ]
De Sanctis, Claudia Valentina [1 ]
Hajduch, Marian [1 ,3 ]
De Sanctis, Juan Bautista [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Palacky Univ, Inst Mol & Translat Med, Fac Med & Dent, Olomouc 77900, Czech Republic
[2] Univ Cent Venezuela, Inst Immunol, Fac Med, Caracas 1040, Venezuela
[3] Palacky Univ, Czech Inst Adv Technol Res Catrin, Olomouc 77900, Czech Republic
关键词
SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; prolonged COVID-19; autoimmunity; autoantibodies; primary immune; secondary immunodeficiency; RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; AUTOANTIBODIES; RESPONSES; INNATE; CORONAVIRUSES; INTERFERON; DISORDERS; MORTALITY; PATHWAYS; PROTEINS;
D O I
10.3390/cimb45010003
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
SARS-CoV-2 causes the complex and heterogeneous illness known as COVID-19. The disease primarily affects the respiratory system but can quickly become systemic, harming multiple organs and leading to long-lasting sequelae in some patients. Most infected individuals are asymptomatic or present mild symptoms. Antibodies, complement, and immune cells can efficiently eliminate the virus. However, 20% of individuals develop severe respiratory illness and multiple organ failure. Virus replication has been described in several organs in patients who died from COVID-19, suggesting a compromised immune response. Immunodeficiency and autoimmunity are responsible for this impairment and facilitate viral escape. Mutations in IFN signal transduction and T cell activation are responsible for the inadequate response in young individuals. Autoantibodies are accountable for secondary immunodeficiency in patients with severe infection or prolonged COVID-19. Antibodies against cytokines (interferons alpha, gamma and omega, IL1 beta, IL6, IL10, IL-17, IL21), chemokines, complement, nuclear proteins and DNA, anticardiolipin, and several extracellular proteins have been reported. The type and titer of autoantibodies depend on age and gender. Organ-specific autoantibodies have been described in prolonged COVID-19. Their role in the disease is under study. Autoimmunity and immunodeficiency should be screened as risk factors for severe or prolonged COVID-19.
引用
收藏
页码:33 / 50
页数:18
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