Circular economy conceptualization for lithium-ion batteries- material procurement and disposal process

The market for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has grown so well in the past few years or decades that the disposal or wastage of the lithium-ion battery has been increasing day by day. The primary goal of the proposed work is to provide a systematic evaluation of "state-of-art" study on the lithium-ion battery industries towards circularity. A circular economy treats all materials as a resource which minimizes extra consumption, waste of resources and production waste while maximizing durability, reliability, and value. Recycling is one of the most efficient techniques to recover materials from used LIB and recirculate them throughout the vital supply chain. In the present study, the various recycling strategies for used LIBs are examined and classified according to current waste treatment technology schemes.