Study of the effects of calcium oxide addition on the ceramic properties, morphology and production of ceramic aggregates produced from bauxite residue

This paper has the objective of characterizing and studying the mineralogical behavior and the ceramic properties of aggregates produced from bauxite waste, as a function of the addition of calcium oxide that has been dumped in deposits of bauxite residue, which, in the long term, can represent a considerable increase in the concentrations of this oxide present in the waste deposit. Besides bauxite residue and calcium oxide, clay was also used. Proof bodies were prepared with the addition of 0% and 10% of calcium oxide. The proof bodies were conformed by pelletizing in a rotating cylinder. The physical and technological properties determined were Water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent specific mass. The raw materials were submitted to X-ray diffraction tests (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG). The microstructure of the ceramics was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and XRD. DSC was also realized for the formulations composed of bauxite residue and clay with and without the addition of calcium oxide. According to the results, the addition of calcium oxide caused an increase in the apparent porosity of the aggregates, and consequently, an increase of water absorption, while there was also an increase in the apparent specific mass. In terms of mineralogy, the presence of calcium oxide demonstrated to be directly associated with changes in the mineral phases by comparing the proof bodies produced with and without the addition of the oxide, evidenced mainly by the disappearance of phases such as quartz and mullite and the emergence of magnetite.