Recent Advances in Nanotherapeutics for Neurological Disorders

Neurological disorders remain a significant health andeconomicburden worldwide. Addressing the challenges imposed by existing drugs,associated side- effects, and immune responses in neurodegenerativediseases is essential for developing better therapies. The immuneactivation in a diseased state has complex treatment protocols andresults in hurdles for clinical translation. There is an immense needfor the development of multifunctional nanotherapeutics with variousproperties to address the different limitations and immune interactionsexhibited by the existing therapeutics. Nanotechnology has provenits potential to improve therapeutic delivery and enhance efficacy.Promising advancements have been made in developing nanotherapiesthat can be combined with CRISPR/Cas9 or siRNA for a targeted approachwith unique potential for clinical translation. Engineering naturalexosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), dendritic cells(DCs), or macrophages to both deliver therapeutics and modulate theimmune responses to tumors or in neurodegenerative disease (ND) canallow for targeted personalized therapeutic approaches. In the presentreview, we summarize and overview the recent advances in nanotherapeuticsin addressing the existing treatment limitations and neuroimmune interactionsfor developing ND therapies and provide insights into the upcomingadvancements in nanotechnology-based nanocarriers.