Muscularity concerns are common among men in Western cultures and are associated with disordered eating and steroid abuse. In the present meta-analysis, we examined data from 27 studies (31 samples) to test the association between masculinity constructs and measures of muscularity concerns. The strongest associations were found among studies that related masculinity stress or dysfunction to muscularity concerns (k = 10, r = .36), supporting the hypothesis that muscularity might represent a means to bolster threatened masculinity. This hypothesis is consistent with the theory of precarious manhood. Muscularity concern scores were also significantly correlated with the total scores of masculine norm inventories (k = 13, r = .29) and some specific norms, especially dominance and winning. Future research should examine further the types of strain associated with masculinity.
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Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, 603 E Daniel St, Champaign, IL 61820 USAUniv Illinois, Dept Psychol, 603 E Daniel St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
Hsu, Ning
Badura, Katie L.
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Georgia Inst Technol, Scheller Coll Business, Atlanta, GA 30332 USAUniv Illinois, Dept Psychol, 603 E Daniel St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
Badura, Katie L.
Newman, Daniel A.
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Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, 603 E Daniel St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
Univ Illinois, Sch Labor & Employment Relat, Champaign, IL 61820 USAUniv Illinois, Dept Psychol, 603 E Daniel St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
Newman, Daniel A.
Speach, Mary Eve P.
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Georgia Inst Technol, Scheller Coll Business, Atlanta, GA 30332 USAUniv Illinois, Dept Psychol, 603 E Daniel St, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
机构:
Univ Westminster, Dept Psychol, London, England
HELP Univ Coll, Dept Psychol, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaUniv Westminster, Dept Psychol, London, England
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Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19010 USA
Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, College Pk, MD 20742 USABryn Mawr Coll, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19010 USA
Le, Thomas P.
Pease, M.
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Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, College Pk, MD 20742 USABryn Mawr Coll, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19010 USA
Pease, M.
Chijioke, Sandra
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Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, College Pk, MD 20742 USABryn Mawr Coll, Dept Psychol, Philadelphia, PA 19010 USA