Development and Application of a Cell-Based Assay for LRP4 Antibody Associated With Myasthenia Gravis

Background and Purpose Among patients with double-seronegative myasthenia gravis (dSN-MG) who do not have detectable antibodies against acetylcholine receptor or muscle-specific tyrosine kinase, autoantibodies against low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4-Ab) have been detected recently. The purpose of this study was to develop an in-house cell-based assay (CBA) to detect LRP4-Ab and to apply it to samples from patients with MG. Methods The complementary DNA of LRP4 fused into a vector plasmid containing GFP was transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. LRP4 expression in the transfected HEK293 cells was assessed using the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. The CBA included 252 sera collected from 202 patients with MG and 38 with other neuromuscular diseases, and 12 healthy controls. The transfected HEK293 cells were incubated using sera and antihuman immunoglobulin G antibodies conjugated with Alexa Fluor 594. The presence of LRP4-Ab was determined based on the fluorescence intensity and the localization in fluorescence microscopy. Results The expressions of the mRNA and protein of LRP4 in the transfected HEK293 cells were confirmed using RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Immunocytochemistry indicated LPR4 expression on the cell membrane. Among 202 patients with MG including 53 with dSN-MG, LRP4-Ab were positive in 3 patients who were all double seronegative. LRP4-Ab were not detected in the patients with other neuromuscular diseases or the healthy controls. Conclusions A CBA for detecting LRP4-Ab associated with MG has been developed, and was used to find LRP4-Ab in the sera of patients with MG.