Eyes and verbs of vision. Clarifications about their semantic nature and case studies in Homeric Greek

Verbs of visual perception usually constitute "pairs" (e.g., to see and to look) whose semantic differentiation is often not defined equally among scholars. The present article aims to establish a clear differentiation between the two types of vision (which we shall call "directional vision" and "cognitive vision") in the first place, in order to understand their semantic nature. Subsequently, we will analyze the cases in which the different verbs of vision appear in Homeric literature accompanied by the terms o phi theta alpha lambda mu oi and o sigma sigma epsilon as a semantic instrument. Therefore, the aim is not to classify verbs of vision in Greek, but to understand their functioning in these determined and specific contexts.