A passive control of Casson hybrid nanofluid flow over a curved surface with alumina and copper nanomaterials: A study on sodium alginate-based fluid

Scientists are paying close attention to Casson fluids due to their remarkable industrial and technical applica-tions. Among the non-Newtonian substances, Casson fluid is one of the most significant types. Generally, the viscosity becomes zero at infinity shear rate for a shear-diminishing substance with zero-shear rate. In this work, the flow of a sodium alginate-based Casson hybrid nanofluid composed of copper and aluminum oxide nano -particles is studied. The hybrid nanofluid flow is considered to be magnetically influenced and chemically reactive. Additionally, the effects of the heat source, non-Newtonian heating, thermophoretic, Brownian motion, and activation energy are considered. It is anticipated that stretching curved surface is thermally convective and that there is no mass flow. The mathematical formulation is given in the form of PDEs, which are then converted into ODEs by using suitable similarity variables. The HAM and bvp4c MATLAB function is applied on the con-verted ODEs to accomplish the semi-analytical and numerical solutions of the modeled equations. By contrasting the new data with those that have already been published, the correctness of current model is confirmed. Ac-cording to the findings, the hybrid nanofluid over a flat surface resulted in enhancements in velocity, temper-ature, and concentration compared to its performance on a curved surface. The hybrid nanofluid demonstrated superior performance in terms of temperature, surface drag, concentration, and rate of heat transfer. Moreover, the velocity and temperature of the classical Newtonian model were observed to be higher on the flat surface in contrast to the curved surface. The streamlines become closer with the increasing magnetic factor, while the streamlines become farther apart with the increasing curvature parameter.