Tridiagonal maximum-entropy sampling and tridiagonal masks

The NP-hard maximum-entropy sampling problem (MESP) seeks a maximum (log-) determinant principal submatrix, of a given order, from an input covariance matrix C. We give an efficient dynamic-programming algorithm for MESP when C (or its inverse) is tridiagonal and generalize it to the situation where the support graph of C (or its inverse) is a spider graph with a constant number of legs (and beyond). We give a class of arrowhead covariance matrices C for which a natural greedy algorithm solves MESP. A mask M for MESP is a correlation matrix with which we pre-process C, by taking the Hadamard product M degrees C. Upper bounds on MESP with M degrees C give upper bounds on MESP with C. Most upper-bounding methods are much faster to apply, when the input matrix is tridiagonal, so we consider tridiagonal masks M (which yield tridiagonal M degrees C). We make a detailed analysis of such tridiagonal masks, and develop a combinatorial local-search based upper-bounding method that takes advantage of fast computations on tridiagonal matrices.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.