A Novel Hybrid Approach for a Content-Based Image Retrieval Using Feature Fusion

The multimedia content generated by devices and image processing techniques requires high computation costs to retrieve images similar to the user's query from the database. An annotation-based traditional system of image retrieval is not coherent because pixel-wise matching of images brings significant variations in terms of pattern, storage, and angle. The Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) method is more commonly used in these cases. CBIR efficiently quantifies the likeness between the database images and the query image. CBIR collects images identical to the query image from a huge database and extracts more useful features from the image provided as a query image. Then, it relates and matches these features with the database images' features and retakes them with similar features. In this study, we introduce a novel hybrid deep learning and machine learning-based CBIR system that uses a transfer learning technique and is implemented using two pre-trained deep learning models, ResNet50 and VGG16, and one machine learning model, KNN. We use the transfer learning technique to obtain the features from the images by using these two deep learning (DL) models. The image similarity is calculated using the machine learning (ML) model KNN and Euclidean distance. We build a web interface to show the result of similar images, and the Precision is used as the performance measure of the model that achieved 100%. Our proposed system outperforms other CBIR systems and can be used in many applications that need CBIR, such as digital libraries, historical research, fingerprint identification, and crime prevention.