Measurements and spatio-temporal evolution of regional energy efficiency convergence in China

Balancing the ecological and economic benefits of energy consumption is an essential requirement and a key part of achieving the task of high-quality economic development and the goal of carbon neutrality. This paper analyses the energy efficiency and spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of thirty Chinese provinces and cities from 2006 to 2019 based on the DSBM model. The results show that, firstly, environmental factors have a significant impact on the evaluation of energy efficiency, with the national energy efficiency showing phase fluctuations and a decreasing trend from the east to the center and then to the west during the sample period. Secondly, the country and the three major regions did not show a & sigma; convergence. Thirdly, there is significant absolute and conditional convergence in overall energy efficiency after considering spatial spillover effects, and with a turning point. Fourthly, energy efficiency in the three major regions also shows a clubbing phenomenon, with different regions tending to their own steady state of energy efficiency. Finally, we put forward suggestions for improving energy efficiency. The results of the study help to understand the changing trends and influencing factors of inter-regional energy efficiency in China, which can provide a reference for achieving the transformation of energy structure and has important practical significance.