In vitro Study of Biphasic Calcium Magnesium Phosphate Microspheres for Angiogenesis and Bone Formation

Beta tricalcium phosphate (ss-TCP) ceramic substituted materials have attracted a large amount of attention in the last decades because of their chemical similarity with bone inorganic components, good biocompatibility, and osteoconductivity. Such materials can be used for bone replacement and bone formation in various forms, such as nanoparticles, scaffolds and microspheres. In this study, five different microsphere materials of tricalcium phosphate/trimagnesium phosphate (TMP) (TCP, 25% TMP, 50% TMP, 75% TMP, and TMP) composites were prepared and characterized. With the increase of TMP content in the composite microspheres, the cumulative concentration of Mg2+ and Ca2+ released from the microspheres increased, indicating that TMP can regulate the degradation rate of the composite microspheres. The osteoblast precursor cell line (MC3T3-E1 cells) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as models to evaluate the biocompatibility, angiogenesis and osteogenesis of the composite microspheres. The results showed that compared with TCP, TMP and 75% TMP group, 25% TMP and 50% TMP composite microspheres had better cell compatibility and had a certain proliferative effect on HUVECs. Therefore, composite microspheres of 25% TMP and 50% TMP have more significant positive effects on angiogenesis and osteogenesis.