3D Printing in the Design and Fabrication of Anthropomorphic Hands: A Review

In this article, 3D-printed anthropomorphic hands for prosthetic or robotic applications are reviewed as 3D printing has transformed manufacturing by enabling the creation of intricate structures layer by layer, offering design freedom and efficiency. This review categorizes 3D-printed anthropomorphic hands based on actuation, transmission, joint, and functional features like sensing and grasp patterns. It also assesses the level of anthropomorphism and validation methods by presenting criteria in prosthetic and robotic applications. Then, the article discusses 3D printing technologies in their usage and types, highlighting the advantages of multi-material capabilities and integration of different hand components. Future directions on structural components, anthropomorphism, validation, and use of 3D printing are discussed, focusing on trends that only 3D printing technology can achieve in anthropomorphic hand development.