Increasing Thermal Efficiency: Methods, Case Studies, and Integration of Heat Exchangers with Renewable Energy Sources and Heat Pumps for Desalination

The article presents an overview of modern analytical methods and experimental studies on the use of heat exchangers as part of different schemes, as well as technologies that increase the efficiency of heat exchangers using renewable energy sources. The main types of heat exchangers, and the principles of their operation, are considered. In addition, modern technologies for increasing the efficiency of heat exchangers through design are described. The practical experience of using plate heat exchangers in industry has been studied. An overview of the software development that is used in the design and optimization of heat exchange devices, as well as for the improvement of their energy efficiency, is presented. The presented mathematical models can be used for software that is applicable both to individual segments of plates of heat exchangers and heat exchangers in general, taking into account the dependence of the installation of the entire circuit on environmental parameters and location. In conclusion, recommendations are given for further research directions in the field of using heat exchangers with the inclusion of renewable energy sources. The technique of an energy technology complex, including a heat pump, a photovoltaic panel, and a desalination plant, is presented. The methodology is built around the basic design and energy balance of the complex, and it is also considered from the point of view of the exergetic balance. This allows for the use of additional components, such as a turbo expander for the implementation of the organic Rankine cycle, a wind turbine, and a solar concentrator. This scientific approach can become unified for the design and operation of an energy technology complex. In addition, an exergetic calculation method is presented for a thermal desalination plant operating as part of an energy technology complex with renewable energy sources.