The role of metal-organic frameworks in removing emerging contaminants in wastewater

Water pollution is a long-standing problem in the natural environment. Various emerging organic and inorganic pollutants are major environmental contaminants in water bodies, such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs), industrial compounds, poly/perfluorinated compounds, and pesticides. The elimination of environmental contaminants in nature has been extensively investigated using a variety of classic physical, chemical and biological approaches, providing a solid base for advanced technology. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a newly discovered family of multifunctional porous materials with high porosity and excellent controllability, have demonstrated an undeniable power in water purification. In this review, we provide a valuable resource for researchers who intend to use the application of MOFs to remediate emerging contaminants (ECs) in bodies of water. Firstly, we briefly outline the traditional physical, chemical, and biological methods applied to remove a wide range of pollutants from water. Moreover, we summarize the application of MOFs as excellent adsorbents, catalysts, and enzyme immobilization carriers for treating pollutants in wastewater. And the challenges and perspectives in the current field were also discussed.