Optimization techniques for grid-connected PV with retired EV batteries in centralized charging station with challenges and future possibilities: A review

This paper emphasizes the usage of Retired Electric Vehicle Batteries (REVB) to support a system with a Centralized Charging Station (CCS) for charging electric vehicle batteries. This paper also focuses on power flow from the Grid to the Centralized Charging Station (G2CCS), power flow from solar PV to the Centralized Charging Station (PV2CCS), PV to the Grid (PV2G), and power flow from Retired Electric Vehicle Batteries to the Centralized Charging Station (REVB2CCS), Retired EV batteries to the Grid (REVB2G), various schemes for EV's in India, and barriers to the adoption of EV respectively. The review of the modelling and optimization is mainly based on retired EV batteries for EVs charging with recent trends, and future possibilities of retired EV batteries are also discussed. This review paper pro-vides valuable references for researchers and assists them in continuous improvement in this field.(c) 2022 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams Uni-versity. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/).