Inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway affects gonadal differentiation and leads to male bias in Paramisgurnus dabryanus

In recent years, sex-controlled breeding has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance the yields of economic animals with different growth characteristics, while increasing the economic benefits of aquaculture. It is known that the NF-KB pathway participates in gonadal differentiation and reproduc-tion. Therefore, we used the large-scale loach as a research model for the present study and selected an effective inhibitor of the NF-KB signaling pathway (QNZ). This, to investigates the impacts of the NF-KB signaling pathway on gonadal differentiation during a critical period of gonad development and after maturation. Simultaneously, the sex ratio bias and the reproductive capacities of adult fish were analyzed. Our results indicated that the inhibition of the NF-KB signaling pathway influenced the expression of genes related to gonad development, regulated the gene expression related to the brain -gonad-liver axis of juvenile loaches, and finally impacted the gonadal differentiation of the large-scale loach and promoted a male-biased sex ratio. Meanwhile, high QNZ concentrations affected the repro-ductive abilities of adult loaches and inhibited the growth performance of offspring. Thus, our results deepened the exploration of sex control in fish and provided a certain research basis for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.