A Comprehensive Review on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now known as metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MASLD), is a spectrum of liver disease. It can be identified by the fact that considerable amount of hepatocytes with minimal or no alcohol use have steatosis. Because of its rising incidence along with increasing rates of obesity, metabolic syndromes, and diabetes mellitus type 2, NAFLD is expected to overtake all other causes of cirrhosis over the next decade, necessitating liver transplantation. Nevertheless, heart disease persists as the most prevalent manifestation of mortality, with only a small percentage experiencing fibrosis and complications associated with the liver. Pathologically, NAFLD is linked to lipid toxicity, oxidative stress, lipid deposits, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. A healthy diet, physical exercise, and a decrease in weight are advised by current international guidelines for the treatment of NAFLD, along with a limited number of medicinal therapies, including vitamin E and pioglitazone. Various natural substances have also been identified as NAFLD in vivo and in vitro regulators. The frequency, complexity of the pathophysiology, lack of authorised medications, and difficulty in interpretation of NAFLD have made it a major problem. This article assesses MASLD's pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and epidemiology. This study also reviews a few natural substances that have been shown to have therapeutic advantages for NAFLD.