Exosomes from Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats

A certain dosage of cyclophosphamide (CYP) in clinical applications contributes to severe cardiotoxicity. Herein, this study explored the impact of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (AdMSC)-exosomes (Exos) on CYP-induced cardiotoxicity.AdMSCs and AdMSCs-Exos were isolated and identified. CYP was utilized for developing a cardiotoxicity rat model, after which blood was collected and then the serum contents of cardiac injury-related indexes (creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Oxidative stress (OS)-related indicators were measured with the corresponding kits. Myocardial pathological changes and collagen fibrosis were tested with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining, and apoptosis-related and autophagy-related proteins in rat cardiac tissues with immuno-histochemistry and Western blot assays, respectively. AdMSCs and AdMSCs-Exos were successfully isolated.AdMSCs-Exos could target rat hearts. AdMSCs-Exos improved cardiac function and diminished the content of the cardiac injury-related indexes in CYP rats. In addition,AdMSCs-Exos reduced CYP-induced cardiac fibrosis, OS, apoptosis, and autophagy in rats. AdMSCs-Exos alleviated CYP-induced cardiotoxicity in rats via the repression of OS, apoptosis, and auto-phagy.