Evaluating the role of time in range as a glycemic target during short-term intensive insulin therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

BackgroundTight glycemic control during short-term intensive insulin therapy (SIIT) is critical for inducing diabetes remission in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D). This work aimed to investigate the role of time in range (TIR) during SIIT as a novel glycemic target by predicting clinical outcomes. MethodsSIIT was given to 116 patients with newly diagnosed T2D, with daily eight-point capillary glucose monitored. Glycemic targets (fasting/premeal glucose, 3.9-6.0 mmol/L; 2 h postprandial blood glucose, 3.9-7.8 mmol/L) were achieved and maintained for 2 weeks. TIRPIR was calculated as the percentage of glucose points within these glycemic targets during the maintenance period and was compared to TIR3.9-7.8mmol/L and TIR3.9-10.0mmol/L. Acute insulin response (AIR), HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, and disposition index (DI) were measured. Patients were followed up for 1 year to observe clinical outcomes. ResultsTIR(PIR), TIR3.9-7.8mmol/L, and TIR3.9-10.0mmol/L were 67.2 +/- 11.2%, 80.8 +/- 9.2%, and 90.1 +/- 6.2%, respectively. After SIIT, beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity improved remarkably, and the 1-year remission rate was 55.2%. oAIR and oDI were positively correlated with all the TIR values, whereas only TIRPIR was correlated with oHOMA-IR (r = -0.22, p = 0.03). Higher TIRPIR but not TIR3.9-7.8mmol/L or TIR3.9-10.0mmol/L was robustly associated with diabetes remission; patients in the lower TIRPIR tertile had an elevated risk of hyperglycemia relapse (hazard ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.6-7.2? p = .001). Only those with TIRPIR >= 65% had a one-year remission rate of over 60%. ConclusionsThese findings advocate TIRPIR >= 65% as a novel glycemic target during SIIT for clinical decision-making.