Performance and emission characteristics of safflower oil biodiesel blended with nanoparticles and hydrogen on diesel engines of road and bridge machinery

Due to high usage and demand of fossil fuels, the search of alternative fuels is necessary to safeguard the natural resources. In this study, safflower oil, CeO2 nanoparticles and hydrogen blends are used in a direct ignition engine of road and bridge machinery to study the performance and emission properties of test fuels. Hydrogen was added along with nanoparticles on biofuel while conducting the tests. Hydrogen was supplied at a mass flow rate of 10 L per minute throughout the testing of road and bridge machineryignition engine. The results of the tests were used to compute the road and bridge machinery ignition engine performance and emission properties. In order to compare the various biodiesel blends all the tests were carried out between 1800 rpm and 2800 rpm. In addition to the pure diesel and biodiesel blends, these nanoparticles and hydrogen blended fuels enhances the performance. Brake-specific fuel consumption was reduced while power, torque, and thermal efficiency were all increased. Road and bridge machinery ignition engine torque increased by 6% and 5% for S10NH and S20NH test fuels due to addition of hydrogen and nanoparticles to the normal blend, respectively, as compared to blend without nanoparticles and hydrogen. Pure C100 had a BTE of 24%, while S10 and S20 had a BTE of 21.9 %and 21.3%, respectively at lower engine speed. Enriched biodiesel with nanoparticles and hydrogen reduces CO and CO2 emissions, as compared with pure diesel. The primary goal of lowering CO and CO2 emissions was achieved, although the NOx emission level increased marginally.