rDNA and mtDNA analysis for the identification of genetic characters in the hybrid grouper derived from hybridization of Cromileptes altivelis (female) x Epinephelus lanceolatus (male)

Background Hybridization is a useful strategy to produce offspring with more desirable phenotypic characteristics than those of parents. The hybrid grouper derived from the cross of Cromileptes altivelis (female, 2n = 48) with Epinephelus lanceolatus (male, 2n = 48) exhibits improved growth compared with its female parent, which makes it valuable to aquaculture. However, the genetic traits of the hybrid grouper are poorly understood.Results The observations showed that the hybrid grouper was diploid (2n = 48) and displayed intermediate morphology with the parent's measurable characteristics. The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) were characterized at molecular and phylogenetic level. High similarity and low genetic distance of 5S rDNA and mtDNA sequences between the hybrid grouper and C. altivelis showed that the hybrid grouper had a closer genetic relationship with female parents. The reconstructed phylogenetic tree based on COI gene and D-loop region of mtDNA recovered that mtDNA was maternally inherited in the hybrid grouper. Additionally, the DNA methylation level of 5S rDNA intergenic spacers (IGS) sequence was tested in here. The results showed that the DNA methylation status of the hybrid grouper was significantly lower than that of C. altivelis.Conclusion Results of this study provide important data on the genetic characteristics of the hybrid derived from the cross of C. altivelis and E. lanceolatus, and contribute the knowledge of both evolution and marine fish breeding.