[1] Sapporo Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Intens Care Med, South 1,West 16,Chuo Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608543, Japan
[2] Ebetsu City Fire Dept, Emergency Sect, 80-8 Nopporo, Yoyogicho, Hokkaido 0690817, Japan
[3] Sapporo Med Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Nursing, South 1,West 17,Chuo Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608556, Japan
[4] Sapporo Med Univ Hosp, Dept Adv Crit Care, South 1,West 16,Chuo Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608543, Japan
[5] Sapporo Med Univ Hosp, Emergency Ctr, South 1,West 16,Chuo Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608543, Japan
[6] Sapporo Med Univ Hosp, Dept Pharm, South 1,West 16,Chuo Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608543, Japan
[7] Sapporo Med Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Sch Med, South 1,West 16,Chuo Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608543, Japan
[8] Sapporo Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Sapporo, Japan
[9] Sapporo Med Univ, Dept Emergency Med Serv Life Flight & Disaster Med, South, South 1,West 16,Chuo Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608543, Japan