Design optimization of welded steel plate girders configured as a hybrid structure

This paper implements structural design optimization to improve the economic indexes of welded steel plate girders. The optimization problem is formulated in a way that allows the use of hybrid configurations, i.e., different types of steel in the flanges and web. Besides the cross-sectional dimensions, eleven steel grades are included as optimization variables. In addition to weight and material cost, the manufacturing cost is formulated as an optimization objective, which includes seven other activities, such as welding or painting. The geometrically double symmetric I-girder design subjected to a uniform transverse load is carried out through the Eurocode 3 rules. Nine case studies are implemented by varying the girder span and load values. The results show significant differences depending on the optimization objective, especially between weight and cost optimization. On the other hand, optimization-assisted design provides solutions up to 50% more economical than traditional design methods. Hybrid-optimized configurations can also improve these indexes by about 10% compared to their homogeneous counterpart, demonstrating the applicability of this novel practice. Certain concepts highlighting mechanical properties are proposed to compare the optimal solutions for each case study. These concepts can serve as design recommendations for future projects that include this structural element. Finally, based on the research gaps and the promising results obtained, future lines of research on this topic are established.