Effect of material properties on batch-to-glass conversion kinetics

A recently developed model of the cold cap-the reacting glass batch (melter feeds) floating on molten glass in an electric glass melter-couples heat transfer with the feed-to-glass conversion kinetics. The model allows for determining the distributions of temperature and various properties within the cold cap. In the present study, this model is applied to four melter feeds designed for high-level and low-activity nuclear wastes. Profiles of temperature, conversion degree, cold cap porosity and density, condensed matter velocity, and heating rate were determined using the material properties of the cold cap. Effects of vigorous foaming at the cold cap bottom were considered. Density, thermal conductivity, and glass production rate strongly affect the cold cap thickness and the fraction of undissolved silica entering the melt under the cold cap. The heating rate profile in the cold cap is highly nonlinear, with high heating rates observed in the foam layer.