Clinical evaluation of an electronic hand hygiene monitoring system

Background: We aimed to test the accuracy of an electronic hand hygiene monitoring system (EHHMS) dur -ing daily clinical activities in different wards and with varying health care professions.Methods: The accuracy of an EHHMS (Sani Nudge) was assessed during real clinical conditions by comparing events registered by two observers in parallel with events registered by the EHHMS. The events were catego-rized as true-positive, false-positive, and false-negative registrations. Sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated.Results: A total of 103 events performed by 25 health care workers (9 doctors, 11 nurses, and 5 cleaning assistants) were included in the analyses. The EHHMS had a sensitivity of 100% and a PPV of 100% when mea-suring alcohol-based hand rub. When looking at the hand hygiene opportunities of all health care workers combined taking place in the patient rooms and working rooms, the sensitivity was 75% and the PPV 95%. For doctors' and nurses' taking care of patients in their beds the EHHMS had a sensitivity of 100% and a PPV of 94%.Conclusions: The objective accuracy measures demonstrate that this EHHMS can capture hand hygiene behavior under clinical conditions in different settings with clinical health care workers but show less accuracy with cleaning assistants.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)