Corneal Epithelial Thickness Changes After Topical Treatment of Dry Eye Disease in Primary Sj?gren Syndrome

Purpose: To evaluate the changes on epithelial thickness before and after topical treatment in primary Sjogren syndrome-associated dry eye disease (SS-DED).Methods: This was a prospective study that included referred women with SS-DED and healthy age-matched controls. Corneal epithelial thickness was evaluated using high-definition anterior segment optical coherence tomography (Cirrus 5000 HD-OCT) in the baseline first consultation, and four weeks after treatment with preservative free 1mg/1mL sodium hyaluronate. Schirmer test 1 (ST1), tear break-up time (TBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), SICCA Ocular Surface Score (SICCA OSS) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) were evaluated. Statistical significance was defined as p-value <0.05.Results: The study included 40 eyes, 20 with SS-DED and 20 controls. At baseline, SS-DED patients had lower ST1 (11.1 +/- 2.2mm vs 14.1 +/- 3.1mm, p<0.01), faster TBUT (9.1 +/- 1.8s vs 13.2 +/- 1.1s, p<0.01) and lower TMH (211.2 +/- 68.4 mu m vs 217.2 +/- 60.1 mu m; p<0.01) than the control group, whereas SICCA OSS and OSDI were higher (p<0.01). The superior epithelium was thinner in SS-DED group (41.1 +/- 3.2 mu m vs 43.1 +/- 2.3 mu m, p<0.01). After treatment, ST1, TBUT, TMH, SICCA OSS, and OSDI improved (p<0.01), and superior epithelium thickened (p<0.01) in the SS-DED group.Conclusion: Treatment with sodium hyaluronate improved ST1, TBUT, TMH, SICCA-OSS, and OSDI score. Superior epithelium tends to be thinner in SS-DED but becomes thicker with treatment. Our results seem to illustrate the morphological changes in the corneal epithelium in DED, which could be further recognized as a clinical biomarker of SS-DED.