Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the 3x2 Achievement Goals Questionnaire for Exercise (3x2 AGQ-E) among Chinese Mainland adolescents

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the 3x2 Achievement Goals Questionnaire for Exercise (3x2 AGQ-E) tailored for Chinese mainland adolescents in an exercise context. Participants included adolescents from junior and senior high schools across mainland China. study investigation focused on factorial validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency reliability, and measurement invariance across gender and academic levels of the 3x2 AGQ-E. Confirmatory factor analysis upheld the proposed multi-dimensional structure (CFI=.0.992, TLI= 0.972, RMSEA = 0.042). Inter-factor correlations, examined within a 95% confidence interval, underscored the discriminant validity of the 3x2 AGQ-E, indicating its capability to assess interconnected yet distinct constructs. The instrument demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha>0.80). The nomological validity was supported by a consistent pattern in inter-factor correlations. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis suggested robust measurement invariance, with consistent factor loadings and variances-covariances across genders (Delta =0.000 to 0.007) and academic levels (Delta = 0.001 to 0.014). This research provides crucial psychometric support for the 3x2 AGQ-E, enhancing its utility for future research and application in understanding achievement motivations among Chinese mainland adolescents in the context of exercise and physical activities.