Transurethral resection of bladder cancer with or without fluorescence

Purpose of reviewTransurethral resection of bladder cancer (TURBT) is in its standard form an inherently imperfect technique. Fluorescence-guided photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) represents one way to improve the outcome by enhancing tumour detection. Fluorescence has been used in connection with bladder cancer since the 1970s, with a number of studies being published since then. However, the method is still not recommended as a standard part of TURBT mainly because of the limited level of evidence of concerned studies, questionable cost-effectiveness and even contradictory results. The review lists the latest articles covering this topic.Recent findingsSeveral recently published meta-analyses reviewed a series of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning PDD assisted TURBT. Results were generally supporting the positive effect on reduction of recurrence rate. However, the mentioned meta-analyses are overlapping in terms of reviewed RCT that provide only a low level of evidence according to a recent Cochrane review. Supposed limitations of PDD (timing of the procedure, low specificity) and possible solutions are also covered.Most of the published data confirmed reduced early recurrence rate after PDD assisted TURBT comparing to standard TURBT. Its impact on late recurrence rate, progression rate or cost-effectiveness has not been sufficiently demonstrated.