Blockchain-Based Authentication of GNSS Civil Navigation Message

The civil navigation message (CNAV) of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is transmitted in an open channel without authentication and integrity protection mechanism. Therefore, the CNAV is facing the threat of interception and tampering, and it is vulnerable to spoofing attacks. To guarantee the authenticity and integrity of CNAV, we propose a cryptographic antispoofing scheme of CNAV in GNSS based on consortium blockchain using domestic cryptographic algorithms. In this scheme, we design a CNAV authentication model based on satellites, ground stations, and key management center, and implement the authentication protocol to achieve the purpose of preventing CNAV in GNSS from being tampered with. On the basis of the authentication of the entities, the scheme further realizes the functions of information source authentication and integrity protection of the legitimate senders. On the basis of satisfying security, the protocol has lower computing and communication cost, simplifies the process of reauthentication of information source, and has great practicability for receivers that use civil navigation message to achieve navigation and positioning functions.