Optimizing energy and daylight performance of vernacular dwellings for contemporary architecture: a parametric analysis

Vernacular dwellings have been recognized as architectural forms in harmony with geographical and climatic factors. While past research has demonstrated the effectiveness of such structures across various climates, their suitability in meeting present-day demands remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the potential of vernacular dwellings' attributes in the humid subtropical region of Guilan to meet today's enhanced thermal and daylighting demands. It also proposes a novel approach and optimization framework to identify optimal design solutions for contemporary buildings based on the parametric model determined by the most inspiring design and construction parameters extracted from vernacular architecture. The study is conducted in three steps: (1) reviewing the design and construction attributes of vernacular dwellings as inputs in the simulation study, (2) analyzing vernacular counterparts to study daylighting, and thermal comfort, and developing a parametric prototype model based on the most prevalent modern residential type in the region, (3) identifying the most inspiring variables and optimizing the variables of the parametric prototype model, to find the optimum options. The application of the Octopus Optimization Algorithm in Rhinoceros Grasshopper has facilitated the implementation of a multi-objective algorithm to identify the optimal combination of parameters based on energy and daylighting indicators. The optimization framework encompasses variables into four categories: orientation, geometry, fenestration, and construction materials. The outcomes revealed that the elevation from the ground, window-to-wall ratios and roof u-values, exert significant influence on energy and daylight performance. Consequently, these variables hold considerable potential for reducing energy consumption in contemporary buildings.