Developing older adults' learner autonomy through one-to-one counselling: Results of an exploratory investigation

Developing autonomous learning to maintain independent learning practice in an effective way is a crucial ability in adult education (Confessore & Park, 2004). Therefore, this study investigates the potential of one-to-one learning counselling to promote older learners' learner autonomy (aged 50 and older). Twenty-five older learners participated in the exploratory study. Reflective learning diaries and qualitatively oriented questionnaires were used as research tools to track participants' autonomous learning behaviour. We applied grounded theory and network analysis to see the complex interrelations of underlying constructs. Results show that comprehension and speaking development are significant incentives for older adults' language learning. Further, self-awareness in learning and metacognitive knowledge were identified as important constructs for self-study practice. Cognitive stimulation, sustained learner motivation and certain self-relating constructs continuously affected older adults' learning behaviour. Application of cognitive-and memory-enhancing learning strategies, as well as technology-supported learning materials, played an important role in independent learning practice. General perceived self-efficacy and self-management were areas developed beyond language learning.