Psychosocial Effects of the Loop Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery System

Aims: This study examined the psychosocial impact of Loop, an open-source automated insulin dosing system that has emerged from the diabetes technology "Do-It-Yourself" (DIY) movement. Methods: Subsamples of 239 adults, 115 children, and 243 parents completed data collection at the time of Loop initiation and 3 and 6 months later. Surveys collected demographic and clinical information, percent time-in-range, HbA1c, and validated psychosocial measures. Analyses included paired t tests and McNemar's tests to compare psychosocial functioning at 3 and 6 months and regression models to assess baseline predictors of psychosocial outcomes at 6 months. Results: Adults reported significant improvements in diabetes distress (t = -7.20 P < .001; t = -8.01, P < .001), sleep quality (t = 6.81, P < .001; t = 2.98, P = .003), fear of hypoglycemia (t = -4.42, P < .001; t = -4.97, P < .001), and hypoglycemia confidence (t = 8.68, P < .001; t = 7.96 P < .001) from baseline to 3 months and 6 months, respectively. Significant improvements in parents' and children's sleep quality and parents' fear of hypoglycemia were also observed. Several baseline characteristics were associated with psychosocial outcomes at 6 months. Conclusions: The current findings support the broad and sustained benefits of Loop across multiple aspects of psychosocial well-being. Advancement and dissemination of such technologies has the potential to improve mental and physiological health among people living with type 1 diabetes.