Which Labour Rights Are Fundamental Rights? Horizontal Direct Effect of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

The paper provides a short overview from a labour law perspective of the scope of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights (I.) and the Court of Justice of the European Union's case law regarding the horizontal direct effect of certain Charter provisions (II.). On this basis, it seeks to assess the practical relevance of the Court's case law (III.). Finally, it explores how the Court determines the horizontal direct effect of Charter provisions and illustrates that operation by offering a specific example regarding employment relationships (IV.).