KURVS: the outer rotation curve shapes and dark matter fractions of z ∼ 1.5 star-forming galaxies

We present first results from the KMOS Ultra-deep Rotation Velocity Survey (KURVS), aimed at studying the outer rotation curves shape and dark matter content of 22 star-forming galaxies at z similar to 1.5. These galaxies represent 'typical' star-forming discs at z similar to 1.5, being located within the star-forming main sequence and stellar mass-size relation with stellar masses 9.5 <= log(M-star/M-circle dot) <= 11.5. We use the spatially resolved H aemission to extract individual rotation curves out to 4 times the effective radius, on average, or similar to 10-15 kpc. Most rotation curves are flat or rising between three and six disc scale radii. Only three objects with dispersion-dominated dynamics (v(rot)/sigma(0) similar to 0.2) have declining outer rotation curves at more than 5 sigma significance. After accounting for seeing and pressure support, the nine rotation-dominated discs with v(rot)/sigma(0) >= 1.5 have average dark matter fractions of 50 +/- 20 per cent at the effective radius, similar to local discs. Together with previous observations of star-forming galaxies at cosmic noon, our measurements suggest a trend of declining dark matter fraction with increasing stellar mass and stellar mass surface density at the effective radius. Measurements of simulated EAGLE galaxies are in quantitative agreement with observations up to log(M star Reff-2/M(circle dot)kpc(-2)) similar to 9.2, and overpredict the dark matter fraction of galaxies with higher mass surface densities by a factor of similar to 3. We conclude that the dynamics of typical rotationally-supported discs at z similar to 1.5 is dominated by dark matter from effective radius scales, in broad agreement with cosmological models. The tension with observations at high stellar mass surface density suggests that the prescriptions for baryonic processes occurring in the most massive galaxies (such as bulge growth and quenching) need to be reassessed.