Advances and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) in Emerging Technologies: A Comprehensive Review

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that are the wonder material of the 21st century consist of metal ions/clusters coordinated to organic ligands to form one- or more-dimensional porous structures with unprecedented chemical and structural tunability, exceptional thermal stability, ultrahigh porosity, and a large surface area, making them an ideal candidate for numerous potential applications. In this work, the recent progress in the design and synthetic approaches of MOFs and explore their potential applications in the fields of gas storage and separation, catalysis, magnetism, drug delivery, chemical/biosensing, supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries and self-powered wearable sensors based on piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators are summarized. Lastly, this work identifies present challenges and outlines future opportunities in this field, which can provide valuable references. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), hailed as the wonder material of the 21st century, exhibit unprecedented tunability, thermal stability, porosity, and surface area. This work highlights advancements in MOFs design and synthesis, delving into their applications in gas storage, catalysis, magnetism, nanomedical, sensing, light-emitting diodes, and self-powered wearable sensors via nanogenerators. The work also addresses current challenges, offering insights into future opportunities in this dynamic field.image