Clinical and antibodies analysis of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome: a case series of 15 patients

Objectives To investigate the clinical manifestations, immunity, laboratory test, treatment and prognosis of patients with anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome in Chongqing, China. Methods We reviewed 15 patients with positive anti-ganglioside antibodies in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2016 to 2019. Results Fifteen patients were included in the study (mean age, 54.4 years; age range, 27 to 80 years; 9 men (60%)). Ten patients presented with a history of preinfection, including flu-like syndrome (n = 6, 60%), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (n = 3, 30%), and digestive tract infection (GI) (n = 1, 10%). The most common manifestation was ophthalmoplegia (n = 13, 86.67%), followed by weakness (n = 12, 80%), ataxia (n = 11, 73.3%), paresthesia (n = 8, 53.33%) and hypersomnolence (n = 5, 33.33%). All 15 patients underwent antibody testing. Eight patients (53.33%, 7 men (87.5%)) of whom only have positive immunoglobulin G (IgG) against anti-GQ1b antibody while seven (46.67%, 2 men (28.57%)) were positive for multiple anti-ganglioside antibodies apart from anti-GQ1b antibodies. Nine patients (60%) received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, four (26.67%) received plasma exchange (PE) and two (13.33%) received steroid therapy. Three patients were lost to follow-up at 6 months, 1 patient (6.67%) had persistent back numbness, and the other 11 patients (73.33%) had fully recovered. Conclusion The clinical subtype of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome correlates with the type of anti-ganglioside antibody. Patients who test positive for only anti-GQ1b antibody are more likely to be men. Most patients exhibit a unidirectional course with a good prognosis, but anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome is also associated with a risk of recurrence.