Structure, bonding and electronic characteristics of amorphous Se

Ovonic threshold switching (OTS) selectors can effectively improve the storage density and suppress the leakage current of advanced phase-change memory devices. As a prototypical OTS material, amorphous GeSe is widely investigated. But the attention paid to amorphous Se (i.e., the functional constituent in amorphous GeSe) has been very limited up to now. Here we have explored the structure, bonding and electronic characteristics of amorphous Se using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The results reveal that the Se atoms in amorphous Se tend to form 2-coordinated configurations, and they connect with each other to form long chains. The fraction of the vibrational density of state located in the high frequency range is relatively large, and the formation energy of the Se-Se bond is as large as 4.44 eV, hinting that the Se-Se bonds in chains possess high stability. In addition, the mid-gap state related to the OTS behavior is also found in amorphous Se despite the small proportion. Our findings enrich the knowledge of amorphous Se, which aids the applications of Se-based OTS selectors. Se atoms present strong but short-range bonding interactions, leading to amorphous Se forming chain structures.