Study of the Calendar Aging of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using SEI Growth Models

We predicted the calendar aging and long-term lifetime of lithium -ion batteries using an electrochemical -based SEI growth model. Numerical simulation was carried out employing the four different long-term SEI growth models (i.e., solvent diffusion limited model, electron migration limited model, Li -interstitial diffusion limited model, reaction limited model), and we calculated the capacity fade and loss of lithium inventory during calendar aging. The result showed that the electron migration limited model and Li -interstitial diffusion limited model showed lower capacity fade, while the solvent diffusion limited model and reaction limited model reached 80% of capacity fade within 10 years. During calendar aging, the lower storage temperature showed less capacity fade due to the hindrance of SEI growth rate. During cycling, the higher C -rate showed a shorter life cycle; however, the differences were not significant.