A Federated Learning Approach With Imperfect Labels in LoRa-Based Transportation Systems

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) helps to improve vehicle health, driver safety, and passenger comfort. Remotely sharing the information of ITS to train the machine and deep learning models hamper data privacy and generate security threats to the passenger, driver, and vehicle owners. Moreover, sharing the information requires huge networking resources such as high data rate, low latency, and low packet loss. Federated learning provides privacy-preserving model training on the vehicle without sharing the information. However, due to poor annotation mechanisms, federated learning may suffer from imperfect labels. This paper proposes a federated learning approach for ITS that can handle imperfect labels in the datasets of the participants. The approach also uses a Long-Range network to provide communication efficient connectivity. The approach initially estimates class-wise centroids of the datasets at the participants and server and then identifies participants with imperfect labels using similarity scores. Such participants demand the fraction of the correctly annotated dataset at the server to improve performance. We further derive the expression for the optimal fraction of the dataset requested by a participant. We finally verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach using the existing model and publicly available dataset.