Performance Analysis of Multi-area Multi-source Power System with FOPID Controller and EVs

The model reduction technique is used in this paper to design the gain parameters of controllers. A two-area interconnected power system model has been considered for the study. Multiple power generation sources are considered in each area, which includes thermal, hydro, gas, and wind units. A novel fractional order PID controller (FOPID) is designed to analyse system behaviour. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is used to optimize the controller parameters. Further, the model is integrated with electric vehicles (EVs), and its performance analysis is done with a recent MFO tuned PI-PD controller and WOA tuned cascade fuzzy controller. Simulation results for two particular cases demonstrate that the FOPID controller significantly improves the performance of the connected power system when EVs are present.