A case report of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the rectum treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection and a systematic review

Rationale:Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) can occur in all segments of the gastrointestinal tract, but rectal is very rare. In recent years, rectal HGM is more often treated by endoscopic resection (ER). Patient concerns:A 28-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with the chief complaint of "a rectal lesion found on physical examination". Diagnoses:Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM). Interventions:An endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed to completely dissect the lesion. Outcomes:The patient recovered well at 1 month of follow-up and did not suffer from further blood in the stool. Lessons:Rectal HGM has acid secretion function and HP can be colonized, causing a variety of symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloody stool, and anal pain and has the potential risk of malignant transformation; resection is the best treatment method, and ESD has its unique advantages and can be promoted in the clinic.