A Survey on Packet Switching Networks

With the continuous improvements in the Information Technology (IT) world, networks evolve, and their workings have been enhanced. However, there is a dire need to explain the protocols and compare them to present their advantages and disadvantages to set a road map to develop a new protocol that will be better than other protocols discussed in this paper. This paper presents an overview of the advantages and limitations of the Packet Switching Networks such as TCP/IP, Frame Relay, Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS), X.25, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Tag Switching, Software Defined Networking (SDN), Segment Routing (SR) and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) after reviewing existing technologies. Additionally, this paper helps in understanding the used protocols comprehensively. In the end, a new protocol named Route Once and Cross-Connect Many (ROACM) is explained along with its advantages. ROACM has many advantages which overcome the limitations of the vastly-used present protocol MPLS. The ROACM protocol comprises four primary stages: call set-up, data transmission, path update, and recovery plan, which provides many advantages like reduced delay time, minimized cost, reliability, high performance of the applications with less energy consumption, etc. The ROACM meets the needs of the new era with impeccable networking opportunities in diverse areas.